The concept of successful and healthy ageing has been generally associated with longevity, and the absence of disease and disability, which is based on the definition of successful ageing by Rowe and Kahn ( 5, 6). Recent study showed that a good SRH and low levels of cardiovascular risk factors in midlife are associated with active and healthy ageing ( 23). The cohort studies have shown that morbidity and functional limitations are associated with lower quality of life in old age ( 21, 22). The increasing number of individuals reach over 80 years of age which has led to growing prone of multimorbidity, frailty and disability in older population ( 20). Over the last decades, life expectancy has increased substantially. The aim of this brief review is to describe and discuss about conceptual and operational definitions of successful ageing with the multidimensional approach. Kleinedam and colleagues ( 19) have suggested that well-constructed operationalisation of successful ageing includes measurements of physiological health, well-being and social engagement, with subjective and objective aspects. The operational definitions are generally based on objective measurements of health and functionality and do not necessarily take into account individual’s perceptions of their own health and wellbeing which would give more comprehensive view of ageing ( 4). Most definitions of successful ageing include also outcomes which can be described as the operational definitions of the concept ( 7). ( 18) found in their study that many older adults were ageing relatively successfully, but there was a variation between indicators of characters of successful ageing, and the combinations of successful indicators varied also between individuals. ( 13, 14), successful ageing is defined by the domains of health and activities of daily living (ADL), physical and cognitive functioning, social participation and engagement, and also positive affect and control, when the definition by Baltes et colleagues ( 15, 16) is also considered. Similarly, in the model of “Aging well” by Fernandez-Ballesteros et al. Kim and Park ( 12) conducted a meta-analysis of the correlates of successful ageing and they identified that four domains describing successful ageing were avoiding disease and disability, having high cognitive, mental and physical function, being actively engage in life, and being psychologically well adapted in later life. Because, successful ageing is a multidimensional concept encompassing domains of physical, functional, social, and psychological health, all of these dimensions should be taken into account, both with objective and subjective conditions, when studying the phenomenon ( 4, 8, 10, 11). At the population level, definition includes determinants of health and participation for the purpose of promoting policies, whereas at the individual level it is defined by outcomes of health, physical, and cognitive function, and life involvement ( 7). The phenomenon of successful ageing can be viewed from a population or an individual perspective ( 7). The main focus in the concept of successful ageing is how to expand healthy and functional years in the life span ( 8, 9). Modified from Fernandez-Ballesteros 2019, ( 7).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |